Particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) accounts for a large proportion of hazardous compounds in PM2.5 derived from vehicle emission. This study aimed at determining the profiles of PAHs based on tunnel measurement and urban roadside observation. The real-world vehicle emission...

This study integrates the new global value chain (GVC) accounting method that explicitly considers the difference in the production functions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and domestically-owned firms into existing production- and consumption-based CO2 emissions measures. This enables us...