Foreign direct investment (FDI) may have a positive effect on the level of pollution in host countries, as described by the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). However, this kind of effect may depend on the economic conditions in host countries. In this study, we conduct research on the FDI’s...

Reduction of carbon dioxide emission is of great significance to the sustainability of global development. For the developing countries, however, carbon reduction is perceived costly for its possible dampening effect on economic growth. This paper builds a Low-Carbon Development Index to assess...