While American women's employment rates fall in the years after they have a child, their self-employment rates do not. These contrasting patterns may be explained by the fact that self-employed women often have more control over their work schedule, hours, and location than wage and salary...

In this paper, we study declines in women's labor force participation by race and ethnicity as well as the presence of children. We find that increases in labor force exits were larger for Black women, Latinas, and women living with children. In particular, we find larger increases in...