The Malmquist productivity index studies productivity change, that is, the technical progress or regress together with the efficiency changes over time. In a nonparametric framework, the index can be estimated by data envelopment analysis (DEA). In this paper, first all inputs are divided into...

This study aims to examine the trends of productivity, efficiency and quality changes of hospitals in Shenzhen city over the period 2006–2010 and explore whether there is a trade-off between efficiency and quality in the hospital production. A three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) based...