Organizational culture includes a large and complex set of elements, many that are difficult to identify, such as values, norms and cultural forms, and these elements can be found embedded across all organizational activities and practices (e.g., direction and control processes, reward systems,...

As with other topics that have been intensely reviewed in the management literature, there is a wide array of definitions of the term “management style”. A fairly simple approach is to view management style simply as the way that an organization is managed. Management style has been defined...

Researchers and commentators have attempted to identify the skills, motivations and behaviors that managers and administrators must have in order to effectively carry out their duties and responsibilities. The search has led to a plethora of suggestions and the challenge is to devise methods for...

For decades the consensus among Western policymakers involved with international economic development was that real progress was dependent on making sure that poorer countries implemented and followed “appropriate” fiscal, monetary, trade and legal practices. While there is little dispute...

Teams and team-based organizations are a specialized form of a network organization that has gained popularity as organizations seek ways to flatten their hierarchical structures, gain more flexibility and effectively combine expertise from different functional areas to solve problems that were...

For most companies, management of “technology” involves both engineering/product development activities (i.e., incorporating technology into products and/or the processes used to manufacture products) and information technology (“IT”) activities that include internal and external...