We apply recent advances in time substitution modeling to examine the environmental performance of firms in Sweden's pulp and paper industry for the years 2002-2008. Our data allow us to estimate the optimal reallocation of environmental investments, expenditures and energy use to simultaneously...

A Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index is employed to account for both marketed output and the output of pollution abatement activities of U.S. state manufacturing sectors for 1974-1986. The index allows us to decompose the change in productivity into measures of change in efficiency and...