In addition to firm and industry characteristics, the heterogeneity of foreign direct investment (FDI) has to be taken into account when analyzing the determinants of outward FDI. We combine two firm-specific datasets on German firms with subsidiaries and joint ventures in the Czech Republic,...

This paper presents an empirical study of the effect of foreign multinational companies on the entry of indigenous firms in the fost country, using data for the Irish manufacturing sector. Our starting point is a recent paper by Markusen and Venables (1999), that shows formally that...