The aim of this paper is to examine the determinant of profitability differences in Chinese productive service enterprise, not only including industry effect and enterprise effect as previous literatures, but also containing specific internal factors, such as enterprise operating years,...

The costs of 3D printing have rapidly fallen and have thus provoked new interest in this technology, which by itself does not pose a revolutionary challenge. Prima facie, it seems to present a fitting analogy to the extreme price declines in computing that Christensen described as the...