The industrial Internet of Things (IoT) has been gaining significant momentum and is considered a promising technology for establishing a foundation for energy and carbon management in the manufacturing sector. Existing management studies commonly assume the availability of IoT data for all...

Traditionally, manufacturing enterprises pay flat rates for each kiloWatt-hour (kWh) of electricity consumed. Newly available electric tariffs that charge both energy consumption (in kWh) and peak demand (in kiloWatts, i.e., kW) with varying time-of-use (TOU) rates have started to gain...