This paper considers a two-stage supply chain that a make-to-stock facility produces a single component in anticipation of future demand and a make-to-order facility produces customized products using components with the option of to accept or reject each customer order. We address the problem...

To generate insights into how production of new items and remanufacturing and disposal of returned products can be effectively coordinated, we develop a model of a hybrid manufacturing–remanufacturing system. Formulating the model as a Markov decision process, we investigate the structure of...