In August 2012, the New York Stock Exchange launched the Retail Liquidity Program (RLP), a trading facility that enables participating organizations to quote dark limit orders executable only by retail traders. A Hasbrouck (1991) structural vector autoregression shows that the facility increased...

We examine how product market threats influence firm payout policy and cash holdings. We develop new measures of competitive threats using firms' product text descriptions. Our primary measure, product market fluidity, captures changes in rival firms' products relative to the firm's products. We...

Measuring the extent of news segmentation is important because it could be a source of investor disagreement. However, for news segmentation to arise, news must have room for interpretation. I infer both room for interpretation and news outlet characteristics from earnings announcement coverage...

The dormant Commerce Clause has long been a thorn in the side of state policymakers. The latest battleground for the clash between federal courts and state legislatures is energy policy. In the absence of a decisive federal policy response to climate change, nearly thirty states have created a...

In August 2012, the New York Stock Exchange launched the Retail Liquidity Program (RLP), a new trading facility that enables participating organizations to quote dark limit orders available only to retail traders. The facility increased the information content of the order flow by distinguishing...

Viewership of traditional television has decreased in the past decade, particularly among younger viewers. This paper studies the impact of this decline on the U.S. TV advertising industry using a two-sided model that explicitly considers viewers’ demographics. The model incorporates viewers,...

The TV industry is a two-sided market where both advertisers and viewers buy access to the programs offered by competing TV channels. Under the current market structure advertising prices are typically set by TV channels while viewer prices are set by distributors (e.g. cable operators). The...

“Zero-price markets,” wherein firms set the price of their goods or services at $0, have exploded in quantity and variety. Creative content, software, search functions, social media platforms, mobile applications, travel booking, navigation and mapping systems, and myriad other products are...

Every new method of trade offers an opportunity for economic agents to compare its costs and benefits relative to the status quo. Such comparison motivates sorting across market segments and reshapes the whole marketplace. The Internet provides an excellent example: it introduces substantial...

Every new method of trade offers an opportunity for economic agents to compare its costs and benefits relative to the status quo. Such comparison motivates sorting across market segments and reshapes the whole marketplace. The Internet provides an excellent example: it introduces substantial...