We analyze market dynamics under Bertrand duopoly competition in industries with network effects and consumer switching costs. Consumers form installed bases, repeatedly buy the products, and differ with respect to their switching costs. Depending on the ratio of switching costs to network...

Platform markets are characterized by the existence of indirect network effects that connect two or more market sides through a platform that internalizes these feedback effects. Conventional instruments of market definitions which consider price levels cannot easily applied in case of two-sided...

In recent years, states have launched several antitrust investigations targeting digital platforms. A major difficulty involves demonstrating the market power of digital platforms. Market power is defined as the control of the output or the price without the loss of business to competitors. As...