A not-for-profit organization's reported ratio of expenditures on program services to total expenditures is a key performance metric for many donors, which may lead the manager of a not-for-profit organization to manipulate this ratio. This paper presents a theoretical model to examine when and...

Although evidence accrues in biology, anthropology and experimental economics that homo sapiens is a cooperative species, the reigning assumption in economic theory is that individuals optimize in an autarkic manner (as in Nash and Walrasian equilibrium). I here postulate a cooperative kind of...