A not-for-profit organization's reported ratio of expenditures on program services to total expenditures is a key performance metric for many donors, which may lead the manager of a not-for-profit organization to manipulate this ratio. This paper presents a theoretical model to examine when and...

In this reply, I oppose and further debate some of the points raised in Mr. Tehrani's comment (2010). In addition, I show that, when dealing with short-run linear-programming models with not-adjusted-to-demand capacities, Aumann-Shapley prices can be considered as an attempt to recreate long-run...

Linear programming is widely used by multiproduct oil-refining firms which minimize a refinery’s variable cost under a set of constraints. In addition to operating costs, this variable cost can include the cost associated with the refinery’s CO2 emissions. We suggest a quite general approach...