Genetic Programming as both a forecasting model estimator and a forecast-combining methodology. When we compare the … models. Genetic Programming can also effectively combine forecasts. However, Genetic Programming's forecast combinations are … traditional methodologies in either forecasting or forecast combining of quarterly earnings …

gradient-based learning. However, the possible inclusion of non-optimal weight and bias due to random selection and the need …). ELCRO simultaneously optimizes the weight and bias vector and number of hidden neurons of a single layer feed-forward neural …

(FFOA), simulated annealing algorithm (SA), cross factor (CF) and support vector machine (SVM) to forecast the short …