Growing shares of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity system increase the need for flexible balancing of supply-dependent feed-in of RES and time-varying demand. Besides flexible, conventional technologies and demand-responses, storage is an important option. Through the use of an...

Zonal configuration of energy market is often a consequence of political borders. However there are a few methods developed to help with zonal delimitation in respect to some measures. This paper presents the approach aiming at reduction of the loop flow effect – an element of unscheduled...

The penetration of distributed generation, energy storages and smart loads has resulted in the emergence of prosumers: entities capable of adjusting their electricity production and consumption in order to meet environmental goals and to participate profitably in the available electricity...

Prices of contracts with risky aspects are typically linked to specific uncertainties and probabilities of adverse scenarios. Insurance companies carry the risk of losses in exchange for a premium, which depends on the loss distribution. Another example where risk is exchanged for a fixed price...