We study optimal contracts when R\&D is outsourced to another company. We find that, when a realistic assumption holds, the optimal contract always leads in equilibrium to the lowest acceptable chance of having a successful technical innovation, given announced compensations. This assumption is...

In order to verify the effects of machine learning in a market structure, an evolutionary model containing firms that use a genetic algorithm to decide their investment in innovative R&D was developed. These firms share the market, with two other types of firms, those with a fixed rate of...