Combinations of point forecasts from expert forecasters are known to frequently outperform individual forecasts. It is also well documented that combination by simple averaging very often has performance superior to that of more sophisticated combinations. This empirical fact is referred to as...

The paper develops a version of Pontryagin's maximum principle for optimal control problems with monotonicity constraints on control variables. Whereas the literature handles such constraints by imposing an assumption of piecewise smoothness on the control variable and treating the slope of this...