Market efficiency is measured by arbitrage proximity. The magnitude of probability distortion necessary to remove drift calibrates the efficiency. Simulations of bilateral gamma models estimated on a year's past returns yield empirical acceptability indices for each day for each asset. The...

In this paper we explore a novel way to combine the dynamic notion of time-consistency with the static notion of quantile-based coherent risk-measure or spectral risk measure, of which Expected Shortfall is a prime example. We introduce a class of dynamic risk measures in terms of a certain...

To evaluate the aggregate risk in a financial or insurance portfolio, a risk analyst has to calculate the distribution function of a sum of random variables. As the individual risk factors are often positively dependent, the classical convolution technique will not be sufficient. On the other...