We construct a new newspaper-based sentiment indicator for Spain that allows us to monitor Spanish economic activity in real-time. As opposed to the traditional survey-based confidence indicators that are released at the end of the month, our indicator can be constructed on a daily basis and...

The PN-PEMS is considered a "black box" where efficiency tests and linearity have to be checked with thermally stable soot like aerosol. The efficiency is checked with monodisperse aerosol. The most straight forward way is to check the efficiency of the complete PN-PEMS but checking the thermal...

The PN-PEMS is considered a "black box" where efficiency tests and linearity have to be checked with thermally stable soot like aerosol. The efficiency is checked with monodisperse aerosol. The most straight forward way is to check the efficiency of the complete PN-PEMS but checking the thermal...

Regulation 2016/427 introduced on-road testing with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) to complement the laboratory Type I test for the type approval of light-duty vehicles in the European Union. A NOx conformity factor of 1.5 will apply from January 2020/2021. This conformity factor...

The measurement of food security resilience (FSR) to shocks is yet hampered by inherent aspects of its complexity along with that of food security assessment itself. Yet, there is an urgent need for scientific evidence on which to base decision-making and policies to build resilience. Niger is...

Transmission measurements have been performed at the time-of-flight facility GELINA to determine neutron resonance parameters for 51V. The measurements have been carried out at a 50 m transmission station at a moderated neutron beam using a Li-glass scintillator with the accelerator operating at...

To track the real progress towards the energy efficiency targets, this report examines the drivers behind EU energy consumption trends using index decomposition analysis. Energy consumption trends are driven by several factors beyond energy efficiency improvements, including economic activity,...

The objective of this study is to provide a new evidence on time-varying equity market integration, employing alternative econometric specifications of the conditional covariance process. Differently from the current literature on the topic, we specify alternative econometric models for the...