Recent decades have seen major changes to the local media environment in the United States, with the absorption of many …

This paper provides a model of how media environments affect political polarization. We first develop a model of how … media environments, characterized by their levels of accessibility and variety of content, interact with citizens … which politicians react to those media-influenced views. We show how equilibrium polarization is affected by changes in the …

This chapter overviews the empirical literature on the determinants and the consequences of media capture, i.e., the … situation in which governments or other interest groups try to control the content of media outlets. We start by examining the … evidence on the effect of media capture on the content of media outlets. Then we discuss the methods governments and other …

This chapter studies situations where media sources deliberately deviate from truthful reporting in order to manipulate … electoral outcomes. Media capture occurs when the government actively attempts to influence the media industry. We instead speak … of media power when news organizations engage in biased reporting for political reasons. Existing theories identify …

In this chapter we survey the empirical literature on media bias, with a focus on partisan and ideological biases …. First, we discuss the methods used to measure the relative positions of media outlets. We divide bias into two categories … media outlets with other actors, measures based on the intensity of media coverage, and measures based on tone. In the …

We review the theoretical literature on market determinants of media bias. We present a theoretical framework that …

This paper explores the role of mass media in people's perceptions of charismatic leaders, focusing on the case of … postal service. The major findings are: (1) the frequency of exposure to mass media is positively related to the support for …

This paper explores the causal influence of media content on voting behavior. We exploit a natural experiment involving … notion that access to free media influences political attitudes and facilitates the consolidation of democracy. …

constituents during times of low media attention to politics. Combining data on campaign finance donations made by individuals and …

access only to friendly media outlets and denying access to critical ones. While an incumbent prefers positive bias, granting … gatekeeping can induce a quid pro quo relationship: media provides coverage with positive bias in exchange of future access …, thereby affecting electoral outcomes in favor of incompetent incumbents. The degree of access media enjoy increases with …