China is currently the world’s largest oil importer and is on track to becoming the biggest consumer of liquefied natural gas (LNG). This dependency is viewed as a strategic vulnerability, especially as China’s ties with the USA are worsening and Beijing has growing concerns about...

In January 2020, the energy ministers of seven countries and territories established the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum. EMGF’s objective is cooperation to overcome obstacles to exploitation of the region’s gas resources. Major challenges are (i) lowering the cost of supplying eastern...

Purpose - This paper aims to explore the international response to the discovery and development of gas fields in the East Mediterranean basin. Design/methodology/approach - The study applies key concepts into a framework and explores the strategies used by nations for developing their influence...

Middle East and North Africa (MENA) gas exporters are facing long-term market and regulatory challenges in Europe. The near three-year continuous decline in Europe’s gas demand since the beginning of the Ukraine crisis is a key challenge for these exporters who are concerned about whether this...