Using a rich data set of primary school students, this paper estimates the effects of immigrant concentration in the classroom on the academic achievement of natives. In contrast with previous contributions, it exploits rare information on age-at-migration to estimate separate spillover effects...

This paper investigates the economic and health risks arising from the COVID-19 pandemic for migrant workers in the European Union. It assesses migrants' economic and health vulnerabilities using ex ante measures based on both supply and demand shocks. The analysis finds that immigrants were...

Using a rich dataset of primary school students in the Netherlands, this paper investigates the heterogeneous effects of immigrant concentration in the classroom on the academic achievement of natives. To identify the treatment effect, it takes advantage of some features of the Dutch primary...

This paper assesses the impact of immigration to Western Europe on the exposure of native-born workers to economic and health risks created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using various measures of occupational risks, it first shows that immigrant workers, especially those coming from lower-income...