In this period, the Suez Canal was regarded as the navigational and trade route that connects two continents, Asia and Europe. It is an artificial (human-made) waterway system that cuts through the territories of Egypt and serves as the link between two seas - the Mediterranean Sea, from Port...

This paper will focus on the historical antecedents of actors involved in creating and developing Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and the differences among them. The time line will begin in the aftermath of the Ottoman Empire that materialized into the advent of the European...