In the mid 1990s Mongolia has introduced competition in the telecommunications market by deregulating it and opening up its mobile communications market to foreign direct investments. Since this policy reform, mobile service penetration has grown fast, recently exceeding 100 % penetration rate...

This paper aims to examine how two recent external shocks-the Covid-19 pandemic and 5G services-are transforming online shopping submarkets in Korea by estimating the effects of these two shocks on mobile shopping sales and conversion, which refers to substitution for shopping over fixed...