Health economic modelling studies are of interest to many parties with different responsibilities and diverging interests. Therefore, it is obvious that recognising the relevance of statistical uncertainty and dealing with it appropriately are required to obtain unbiased results from health...

Objective: To improve the quality of the methods used in Markov modelling studies by increasing the external validity by means of the incorporation of confounding variables. Study design: The concepts were illustrated using a hypothetical Markov model for Parkinson's disease. Methods: The...