We show theoretically that variable production costs lower systematic risk of firms' cash flows if capital and variable inputs are complementary in firms’ production and input prices are sufficiently pro-cyclical. In our dynamic model, this operating hedge effect is weaker for more profitable...

We show theoretically that variable production costs lower systematic risk of firms' cash flows if capital and variable inputs are complementary in firms' production and input prices are pro-cyclical. In our dynamic model, this operating hedge effect is weaker for more profitable firms, giving...