Simultaneity represents a fundamental problem when estimating the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour. To overcome this problem, a wide variety of external instruments has been applied in the literature. However, the use of instruments may lead to wrong inference if they are...

This paper introduces a panel GMM framework for identifying and estimating demand elasticities via heteroscedasticity. While existing panel estimators address the simultaneity problem, the state-ofthe-art Feenstra/Soderbery (F/S) estimator suffers from inconsistency, inefficiency, and lacks a...