The pandemic-induced lockdowns and the global recession of 2020 that followed have created a highly uncertain global outlook. Globalization is stalling, social cohesion is being eroded by unrest and political polarization, and the still-unfolding economic crisis is threatening the livelihoods of...

When the Federal Reserve (Fed) expanded its balance sheet via quantitative easing (QE), commercial banks financed reserve holdings with deposits and reduced their average maturity. They also issued lines of credit to corporations. However, when the Fed halted its balance-sheet expansion in 2014...