Theory suggests that in the face of fire sale externalities, banks have incentives to overinvest in order to issue excessive money-like deposit liabilities. The existence of a private market for insurance such as contingent capital can eliminate the overinvestment incentives, leading to...

The pandemic-induced lockdowns and the global recession of 2020 that followed have created a highly uncertain global outlook. Globalization is stalling, social cohesion is being eroded by unrest and political polarization, and the still-unfolding economic crisis is threatening the livelihoods of...

Central bank balance sheet expansion is financed by commercial banks. It involves not just a substitution of liquid central bank reserves for other assets held by commercial banks, but also a counterpart alteration in commercial bank liabilities, such as in short-term deposits issued to finance...