was handed over to the European Central Bank. A voluntary rejection of monetary national independence and transition to …

Many countries have undertaken central-bank independence reforms, but the years of implementation differ. What explains …

Many countries have undertaken central-bank independence reforms, but the years of implementation differ. What explains …

Many countries have undertaken central-bank independence reforms, but the years of implementation differ. What explains …

trust and central-bank independence. Our empirical findings, based on data from 149 countries, confirm such a link, in the … and the ability with which it can be implemented. At low trust, the need for central-bank independence is sufficiently … sufficiently strong to bring high independence about, in spite of a low need for it. At intermediate trust levels, lastly, neither …

characteristics. In the past years, due to the fact that all the three authorities have made directional changes towards independence …

recognise the choice of instrument and the implications of its adoption. In the case of independence we argue that he … theoretical case for independence has been misunderstood and that it is not an essential requirement for successful policy. We … also show that ‘independence’ is not best measured against a checklist of statutory characteristics. As regards …

’s mandate and its policy conduct, but less on ECB independence …