The paper identifies how a usage fee parallel digital currency is more attractive than Bitcoins, either to provide liquidity in a crisis or for stimulating businesses on a sustainable basis. User fee "Stamp Scrip" successfully stimulated businesses and distressed communities during the Great...

The purpose of the paper is to consider how the financial system might change from technology that is introducing new forms of electronic money that by-passes banks, current laws and institutional practices. The introductory first Section identifies the illogical and inefficient features of the...

This paper outlines institutional arrangements for achieving accelerated self-financed democratic development with investment, consumption, income and savings increasing together instead of relying on a reduction of consumption to create the savings to finance investment or the need to use...