The model of Lagos and Wright [9] alters the meeting friction of the typical search model of money to obtain degeneracy in equilibrium holdings and enhance analytical tractability. It introduces a round of Walrasian ‘centralized' trading after each round of bilateral random ‘decentralized'...

Monetary theorists have advanced an intriguing notion: we exchange money to make up for a lack of enforcement, when it is difficult to monitor and sanction opportunistic behaviors. We demonstrate that, in fact, monetary equilibrium cannot generally be sustained when monitoring and punishment...

Money norms present a fundamental contradiction. Norms embody the social sphere, a system of internalized values, unwritten rules, and shared expectations that informally govern human behavior. Money, on the other hand, evokes the economic sphere of markets, prices, and incentives. Existing...