A wide variety of conditional and stochastic variance models has been used to estimate latent volatility (or risk). In both the conditional and stochastic volatility literature, there has been some confusion between the definitions of asymmetry and leverage. In this paper, we first show the...

In recent years fractionally differenced processes have received a great deal of attention due to their flexibility in fi nancial applications with long memory. In this paper, we develop a new realized stochastic volatility (RSV) model with general Gegenbauer long memory (GGLM), which...