Force of mortality is defined using an exponential function of Legendre polynomials, as in Renshaw et al. (1996), plus an extra term which captures mortality shocks. For the extra term Ballotta Haberman (2006) and Ahmadi et al. (2015) consider an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck while we suggest using Lévy...

Recent literature on mortality modeling suggests to include in the dynamics of mortality rates the effect of time, age, the interaction of the latter two terms and finally a term for possible shocks that introduce additional uncertainty. We consider for our analysis models that use Legendre...