Designing appropriate import tariff rates is crucial for global trade. In this paper, we propose game-theoretic models to investigate how tariff policies affect the competition of multinational firms (MNFs) in a global trading environment. The MNFs sell substitutable products and compete in two...

Multinational firms (MNFs) that outsource production in the developing countries have been identified as the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These MNFs are therefore required to uphold sustainability goals, which propels the manufacturers in developing countries to make...