Relationships and networks are commonly understood to play an important role in firms' internationalization. With this proposition in mind, this paper investigates the link between domestic business-to-business ties and firm internationalization in a sample of 502 small and medium-sized...

Our explorative study analyses the factors that affect the likelihood of German companies to be a hidden champion. Based on an econometric estimation model with quantitative data from 60 hidden champions and 346 non-hidden champions, we could confirm prior research findings that specific...

The internalisation theory of the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) explains MNE decisions to make/buy and/or ally, based on market and intra-organisational (firm/hierarchy) transactions costs. The theory focused on a limited set of categories, actors and sources of transaction costs and has...

This paper is about firms as an instance of economic coordination, and about how we think about them in relation to other forms of coordination as well as in relation to competition and markets. The dominant frame for thinking about firms--which has strongly influenced contemporary competition...

We study profitable firms with no tax expenses. We find that the proportion of profitable firms that owe zero taxes (zero-tax firms) has increased substantially over the past 70 years, accounting for almost 15% of listed U.S. firms in recent years. Zero-tax firms thus represent a major group of...