Drawing upon knowledge-based view and transaction-costs perspective, the study identifies customer relationship orientation and structural flexibility as the two key mechanisms that service multinationals can use to capture the benefits and mitigate the costs of global demand heterogeneity....

In China, firms within a business group may be able to access funds provided by a parent-owned finance company within the business group. We provide direct evidence of ‘tunneling': where the parent of the business group requires member firms to increase their cash holdings through deposits in...