We investigate whether previous findings of only limited effects of investing abroad on the performance of parent firms can be explained by the aggregation of heterogeneous effects depending on the motive for foreign direct investment (FDI), sector, and location. Our results suggest, in line...

Recently, global supply chains are often disrupted because of trade policies and natural disasters. This study simulates the effect of disruption of imports from and exports to various regions on the total production of Japanese firms, incorporating propagation of the economic effect through...