In 2009 the management of Vale, a Brazilian diversified mining company and the largest iron ore producer in the world, was under pressure from at least two fronts. First, the emergence of China as the most important consumer of iron ore in the last few years had changed the pricing system for...

We propose a private-government principals-principals (PP) approach to understand corporate governance of state-owned multinationals. We explain how the conflicts between large government and private blockholders may affect managerial decisions in the propensity of completing a cross-border...

We explain how the analysis of state-owned multinational companies (SOMNCs) can help extend the literature in two ways. First, we cross-fertilize the international business (IB) and state-owned enterprise (SOE) literatures in their analysis of foreign investment behavior and introduce two...