response to the war between the two countries from the perspective of the importance of their stakeholders. It also identifies …

With two news-based measures on war, I document that managers mitigated war risk through dividend cuts, arguably to … establish a war chest. Moreover, I find that companies postponed their initial public offerings and that foreign companies were … more likely to delist after the onset of wars. Investors reacted negatively to the increase in war news coverage. There is …