As already noted by Mavrotas et al. (2006), the PROMETHEE V method for multi-attribute analysis of portfolio problems will fail to include an item in a portfolio if it has a negative net flow with respect to other items, although adding such an item might actually improve the entire portfolio....

Traditional newsvendor models usually focus on single profit maximization or cost minimization approaches. However, making a monetary estimate of the consequences of lost sales as a result of shortages is often a difficult task for many practitioners. Besides, there is still a lack of an...