A number of studies have shown that liquidity constraints on households enhance the efficacy of fiscal and monetary policies. However, liquidity constraints are always accompanied by saving constraints, with potential opposite effects on fiscal and monetary efficacy. Research differentiating...

This paper uses the IMF's Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model to compute shortrun multipliers of fiscal stimulus measures and long-run crowding-out effects of higher debt. Multipliers of two-year stimulus range from 0.2 to 2.2 depending on the fiscal instrument, the extent of monetary...

This paper presents simulations with a multicountry structural model to show that worldwide expansionary fiscal policy combined with accommodative monetary policy can have significant multiplier effects on the world economy. It also provides a framework for assessing the effects of fiscal...