In this paper, we investigate the Granger causal relationships between Bitcoin mining, mining profitability and sustainability (the resultant energy consumption and electronic waste), where importantly we allow such relationships to varying over time. We consider three questions relevant to...

We introduce a new database of historical Genuine Savings (GS), an indicator of sustainable development promoted by the World Bank and widely used in contemporary economic research. GS derives from the theoretical work on wealth accounting, and addresses shortcomings in conventional metrics of...