A secure energy supply is important for Japan, but it is becoming difficult to attain due to increasing energy demand in emerging countries. In addition, the achievement of a low-carbon society is strongly related to energy security. This study aims to evaluate energy security performances in...

This study examined the effect of sustainable forest management schemes on forest conservation using remote sensing data on forest change. We applied fixed effect models focusing on two major sustainable forest management schemes: the Forest Stewardship Council and the Programme for the...

Edible bird’s nests (EBNs) have been traditionally produced in Southeast Asia and consumed in China. Indonesian farmers construct buildings for swiftlet birds and harvest their nests. EBNs are natural and sustainable farming products, while many other agricultural expansions rely on the...