The proliferation of copycats poses a severe threat to brand manufacturers in the e-commerce era. Product innovation is a key strategy for brand manufacturers to enhance their market competitiveness and effectively combat copycats, which also may be beneficial or harmful to the environment. Yet,...

Cutaneous infections involving pathogenic biofilms cannot be effectively treated by topical therapies, partially due to the resistance and the poor penetration of therapeutics. To overcome these limitations, we propose a multi-functional microneedle device that can penetrate through the stratum...