An efficient network structure with co-ordinated schedules is necessary to realise the potential of an international airline alliance. This paper considers the scheduling issues that particularly affect alliances including multiple hub operations, other interfaces between routes, airport slot...

The short-haul operations of traditional European airlines such as British Airways and Lufthansa have come under increasing pressure from the growth of low-cost carriers. This paper examines their competitive responses. These are found to include reductions in labour costs, greater use of...