The dynamics of expansion and retreat of a network are detailed in the example of the birth and demise of party–state systems. This systemic network is described with the help of the interactive party–state (IPS) model through the interrelationship of individual party–state and economic...

By testing 88 different funds of the Chinese fund market (CFM), we find fractal behavior and long-range correlations in the return series, which are insensitive to the kind of funds. Meanwhile, a power-law relationship between the deviation D of prices and the Hurst exponent H has been obtained,...