This research analyzes the relationship between a farmers' participation in Nicaraguan supermarket supply chains and the market entries and exit of neighboring farmers. Drawing on insights from the technology adoption literature on learning and experimentation, we incorporate measures of...

In Nicaragua and elsewhere in Central America, small-scale farmers are weighing the risks of entering into contracts with supermarket chains. We use unique data from cooperatives supplying supermarkets to study the effect of supply agreements on producers’ mean output prices and price...

In Nicaragua and elsewhere in Central America, small-scale farmers are weighing the risks of entering into contracts with supermarket chains. We use unique data on negotiated prices from Nicaraguan farm cooperatives supplying supermarkets to study the impact of supply agreements on producers’...