This paper traces the evolution of EU payments law for retail payments, identifying four phases of its development. In spite of the EU's founding principle of free movement of payments, the first two phases of EU payments law were characterized by negative integration and soft law measures with...

From its inception, the Federal Reserve has operated payment systems that let banks move money for their customers. Checks, wire transfers, and electronic consumer payments all happen thanks to the Federal Reserve. Congress by statute specified which banks get access to the Fed’s payment...

Consumers today have a bewildering number of choices when it comes to paying for goods and services. They can pay via cash, checks, credit cards, debit cards linked to bank accounts, general-use prepaid cards, gift cards and mobile phones. Many of these payment methods – particularly prepaid...

The creation of the European single economic market led to an unprecedented increase in economic activity between firms and individuals across the European Economic Area (EEA). This necessitated the development of a payment services and processing infrastructure to match the increasing activity...

The European Commission's proposed payments card legislation and the common position reached by the European Parliament in April 2014 will harm competition, innovation, and consumers if broadly endorsed by the European Council in the coming months. The interchange fee price caps will soften...

One of the most pressing issues in patent and antitrust law involves agreements by which brand-name drug companies pay generic firms to delay entering the market. In FTC v. Actavis, the Supreme Court held that these settlements could violate the antitrust laws.In the wake of the decision,...

Over millennia, mankind has used hard cash in various forms ranging from shells to gold coins and paper. More recently, cash has become unpopular in political circles, as it effectively restricts states’ power to tax (explicitly or via negative interest rates) or to survey and potentially...

The paper deals with cashless payments during the pandemic situation caused by Covid-19. The aim of the paper will be to use the method of analysis and comparison of selected data to answer the following research question: Has the pandemic caused by Covid-19 contributed to increasing the share...